Proceeded by a Gallo-Roman temple to Jupiter, a Christian basilica, and a Romanesque church, construction of Notre-Dame de Paris began in 1163 during the reign of Louis VII. Pope Alexander III laid the foundation stone. Construction was completed roughly 200 years later in about 1345.
In 1991, a 10 year program of general maintenance and restoration has begun, and sections of the structure are likely to be shrouded in scaffolds for the foreseeable future.
During its history, Notre Dame has been the site of numerous official and other ceremonial occasions. In 1430, Henri VI of England is crowned here. The 2nd December 1804, after the anointing by Pius VII, Napoléon seizes the crown from the pontiff and crowns first himself, then Josephine.
The 31st May 1980, after the Magnificat of this day, Pope John Paul II celebrates Mass on the parvis in front of the Cathedral.
 

Nota Bene:
All roads distances in France are calculated  from the "zero kilometer", point located on the square in front of Notre-Dame

4th arrondissement. 6 place du Parvis-de-Notre-Dame - Tel: 01 42 34 56 10
Open Monday to Friday from 8am to 6:45pm / Saturday & Sunday from 8am to 7:45 pm
(The Cathedral may be closed during certain religious festivals)
!!!Silence is requested inside!!!
Metro: Cite

Commissioned in 1806 by Napoleon, shortly after his victory at Austerlitz, it was not finished until 1836. Engraved around the top of the Arch are the names of major victories won during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods. The names of less important victories, as well as those of 558 generals, are to found on the inside walls. Beneath the Arch is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, and eternal flame commemorating the dead of the two world wars.
Here every Armistice Day (11 November) the President of the Republic lays a wreath. On 14 July - the French National Day - a military parade down the Champs Elysées begins here.

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Look for hotels in Arc de Triomphe Paris
 

View:
Wonderful view of Paris with the twelve great avenues in the foreground radiating  in a star shape. From the roof of the Arch, looking eastwards, down the Champs Elysées (one of the twelve great avenues), toward the Louvre, there is the Place de la Concorde, the Tuileries Gardens, and the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel. In the opposite direction - westwards - in the distance is its larger and newer cousin, Le Grande Arche de la Défense.
Not to miss:
Inside the Arch there is a small museum documenting its history and construction.

8th arrondissement. Place Charles de Gaulle - Tel: 01 55 37 73 77
October 1st to March 31st: open daily from 10:00am to 10:30pm
April 1st to September 30th: open daily from 9:30am to 11:00pm
Admissions: FF42.00 / Under 18 years old: free
!!!Free for all on the first Sunday of each month!!!
Metro: Charles de Gaulle Etoile

The Eiffel Tower was built for the International Exhibition of Paris of 1889 commemorating the centenary of the French Revolution. The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII of England, opened the tower. Of the 700 proposals submitted in a design competition, Gustave Eiffel's was unanimously chosen.
At 300 metres (320.75m including antenna), and 7000 tons, it was the world's tallest building until 1930.
The tower has three platforms. A restaurant (extremely expensive; reservations absolutely necessary), the Jules Verne is on the second platform. The top platform has a bar, souvenir shop, and the (recently restored) office of Gustave Eiffel.

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Not to miss:
From its platforms - especially the topmost - the view upon Paris is superb. It is generally agreed that one hour before sunset, the panorama is at its best.

7th arrondissement. Champs de Mars - Tel: 01 44 11 23 23
September to mid-June: open daily from 9:30am to 11:00pm
Mid-June to end of August: open daily from 9:00am to Midnight
Admissions:
By elevator: 1st floor FF24.00 / 2nd floor: FF45.00 / 3rd floor: FF65.00
By stairs: 1st & 2nd floor only FF15.00
(Reduced price for children under 12 years old / Free for under 4 years old)
Metro: Bir Hakeim

From the earliest days , Montmartre has been a place of worship: the Druids, the Gauls, the romains temples dedicated to the gods Mars et Mercury; St Peter's church rebuilt near the Royal Abbey of Montmartre on the XII century by King Louis the VI and his wife Adélaïde of Savoy; and finally the Sacred Heart (Sacre Coeur) erected at the end of the XIX century.
After the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, it was proposed to construct a church to the Sacred Heart on the butte Montmartre.
The plans for the new basilica called for an edifice of Romano-Byzantine style, and the first stone was laid in 1875. Being now One of Paris' landmarks, the Sacré-Coeur basilica was was not consecrated until 1919 after the World War I ended. 

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 Not to miss:
From the top of the Dome, there is a panoramic view in all directions extending over 30 kilometers offering a great view of the entire city.

18th arrondissement. Parvis du Sacre Coeur - Tel: 01 53 41 89 19
Basilica open daily from 06:00am to 11:00pm - Dome & Crypt from 09:00am to 06:00pm
Admissions:
Basilica: Free Entrance - Dome: FF15.00 - Crypt: FF15.00
Free entrance for children under 6 years old
Metro: Anvers

On the Place de la Defense, where it is the pre-eminent landmark, and distantly on axis with the Arc de Triomphe and Champs Elysees, the "Arche de la Defense" is a skyscraper, a government office tower. 
Located in the modern business district, La Defense, a few kilometers west of Paris, the Grande Arche was built by Danish architect Otto van Spreckelsen in 1989 for the 200th anniversary of the 1789 French revolution.
The Grande Arche is white. It is a 106m high cube and has a pre-stressed concrete frame covered with glass and Carrara marble from Italy. Its spectacular architecture was a daring technical achievement when it was designed and built by the Bouygues French engineering company.

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 Not to miss:
Ride the panoramic lifts up to the one hectare roof of the "Grande Arche" where you will enjoy a fantastic view of Paris, Arc de Triomphe, the Champs Elysees and the historic axis through the capital and its outskirts. Not to forget the model room and the exhibitions halls.

La Defense - 1, Parvis de la Defense - Tel: 01 49 07 27 57
Open daily from 10:00am to 07:00pm
(ticket counter closes one hour before Arch closes)
Admissions: FF46.00
Metro: Grande Arche de la Defense

The Bastille has a lot of importance to the French history. By crossing the Seine and following the Boulevard de la Bastille, you will find the site of the Bastille Saint-Antoine, which was a major part of the defences ordered by Charles V, built from 1370.
Louis XIV had the ramparts demolished but kept the Bastille as a luxury prison for people of quality. Promoted to the rank of a symbol of the arbitrariness of the old monarchy, the Bastille was stormed by the Parisians on 14th July 1789, and later razed.
To remember the July Revolution of 1830, which replaced the autocratic Charles X with the "Citizen King" Louis-Philippe, a column surmounted by the "Spirit of Liberty" on Place de la Bastille was erected. Now the Place (square) is surrounded by Carlos Ott's opera, Paris-Arsenal harbour and the Saint-Martin canal.

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12th arrondissement
Metro: Bastille

8th arrondissement
Metro: Concorde

Between the Champs Elysées and the Tuileries Gardens, there lies the Place de la Concorde. With traffic roaring and careening about seemingly in all directions, it is easy to feel lost in its 84,000 square meters.
Built between 1755 and 1775, many important historical events took place here. Louis XVI, Marie-Antoinette and 1119 other people lost their lives here, among them Charlotte Corday (the murderess of Marat), Danton, Philippe Égalité and Robespierre.
In the center of the square is the Obelisk of Luxor, a pink granite monolith 23 m (73 tt) high and weighing 220 tons. It is 3300 years old and decorated with hieroglyphics exalting the reign of the pharaon Ramses II.
The obelisk was presented as a gift to Charles X by the Egyptian viceroy Méhémet Ali in 1829. The monument was installed here under Louis Philippe who, bearing in mind the death and destruction witnessed by Place de la Concorde, was pleased to have found a non-political monument to replace the unpopular Bourbon Louis the XVth statue. It took three years of travelling from the Nile riverbanks to get the Obelisk to Paris.

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A masterpiece of classical architecture from the end of the reign of Louis 14th, this square now hosts luxury boutiques.
The Column - 44 metres high - is comprised of a stone core, encased in the bronze of 1250 cannons captured at the Battle of Austerliz (1805). It was designed by Denon, Gondouin, and Lepère and modeled in the style of Trajan's Column in Rome. It was built during 1806 - 1810, The spiral bronze bas-relief was created by Bergeret.
Originally a statue of Napoléon a Caesar was placed on top. This was replaced by a likeness of Henri IV which was removed during the 100 Day (1815) when Napoléon returned from Elba and attempted to regain power.
 Afterwards Louis XVIII installed an enormous fleur-de-lys, but Louis-Philippe restored Napoléon in military uniform. During 1873 - 1874, the column was re-established at the center of Place Vendôme with a copy of the original statue on top.
 

What to see & do:
The square is surrounded by shops of some of the most famous names in fashion as Cartier, Chanel, Chaumet, Piaget and Van Cleef & Arpels, as well as the Hotel Ritz. An inner staircase leading to the top is unfortunately no longer open to the public.

1st Arrondissement
Metro: Opera

Constructed under the reign of Henry 4th, the perfect layout of this square is one of the first examples of town planning, composed of some 40 shopping arcades and houses all made of bricks and stones.
Victor Hugo, Theophile Gautier and Alphonse Daudet once lived here
Many Parisians consider Place des Vosges as one of the most beautiful squares in the city. In the center of the Place, there is a statue of Louis XIII which dates back to 1825. This replaces the original that was a reminder of the anti-aristocratic fury of the revolution.
 

What to do:
At the Place des Vosges, you will find many shops, cafés and restaurants. With restaurants in all categories offering lunch and dinner or simply drinks, window shoppers will find fine antique stores, book and record shops, or the boutiques nested in the arcade to be most inviting. Weather permitting, one can take a nap in the public gardens.

4th arrondissement
Metro: Saint-Paul

Place Dauphine, on "Ile de la Cite", is the second most important Parisian royal square of the 17th century after "Place des Vosges".
Built entirely of brick and white stone, its enclosed triangular courtyard preserves a place of peace and harmony.
 

1st arrondissement
Metro: Pont-Neuf

Known as "Place de Greve" until 1803, this square became the site of many historical events. Many festivals also took place here, notably the "Saint-Jean" festival, as well as executions. 

4th arrondissement
Metro: Hotel de Ville

In the heart of Montmartre, this famous square still retains its village atmosphere.

18th arrondissement
Metro: Anvers or Abbesses

1st arrondissement
Metro: Palais-Royal-Musee-du-Louvre

2nd arrondissement
Metro: Bourse